1) Give reasons why proper understanding of the relationship between diet and public health now needs to emphasize food processing. 2) Specify the need to make precise definitions of food processing and to distinguish between different types of processing. 3) Present NOVA, the food classification based on the nature, extent and purpose of food processing that places foodstuffs in four groups, one of which is specified as ultra-processed food and drink products. 4) Summarize the use of NOVA in a number of countries to describe and monitor UN, NOVA and the trouble with ultra-processing population dietary patterns and to assess the impact of ultra-processed products on the quality of diets and health outcomes. 5) Summarize some health, social, eco- nomic, political and environmental consequences of replacing minimally processed foods and freshly prepared meals by ultra-processed products. 6) Propose that the rapidly increasing production and consumption of ultra-processed food and drink products, which is contributing to climate disruption and also to pol- lution, degradation and depletion of air, land, water and sources of energy, is in itself now a world crisis to be con- fronted, checked and reversed as part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and its Decade of Nutrition.