The results showed that a one-dollar increase in the price of ultra-processed foods and beverages was associated with 0.08 lower BMI units for men (p ≤ 0.05) (price elasticity of BMI of -0.01)and 0.14 lower BMI units for women (p ≤ 0.10) (price elasticity of BMI of -0.02). Higher prices of ultra-processed foods and beverages were associated with lower BMI among low-SES men (price elasticity of BMI of - 0.02) and low-SES women (price elasticity of BMI of - 0.07) but no statistically significant associations were found for middle- or high-SES men or women. Robustness checks based on theestimation of an individual-level fixed effects model found a consistent but smaller association betweenthe price of ultra-processed foods and beverages and BMI among women (price elasticity of BMI of - 0.01)with a relatively larger association for low-SES women (price elasticity of BMI of - 0.04) but revealed noassociation for men highlighting the importance of accounting for individual-level unobserved heterogeneity